第十五 非处篇(第二品)
15. Aṭṭhānapāḷi (dutiyavagga)
第十五 非处篇 第二品 注释
(15) 2. Aṭṭhānapāḷi-dutiyavaggavaṇṇanā
278“为了止息争论”是指止息争论的成因。当两者都已生起时,可能产生的争论,在这里,那争论的不生起就是“止息争论”。通过“在一洲”等说法,表明即使在不同洲也不会同时生起,更何况在同一洲呢。“他也会退失”是指,因为只能在轮围界的局部区域运转,所以会退失。
278.Vivādupacchedatoti vivādupacchedakāraṇā. Dvīsu uppannesu yo vivādo bhaveyya, tassa anuppādoyevettha vivādupacchedo. Ekasmiṃ dīpetiādinā dīpantarepi ekajjhaṃ na uppajjati, pageva ekadīpeti dasseti. Sopi parihāyethāti cakkavāḷassa padese eva pavattitabbattā parihāyeyya.
279-280“人身”是指人的身份,因为只有人的身份才适合修成出家等功德。“具足性相”是指具备男性身份。“因”是指以心意和语言的愿求为先导的因行圆满。“见导师”是指与导师面对面相遇。“出家”是指在主张业论的苦行者和比丘众中出家。“具足功德”是指神通等功德的圆满。“增上行”是指为佛陀而作的特别行为,也就是特别的承事和特别的恭敬。“欲”就是欲求,指为了正等正觉而生起的格外强烈的善法欲。“八法聚合”是指这八种法的和合。“发起愿”是指以身作出的誓愿。“成就”是指圆满达成。这里只是简略说明,详细内容应按照《胜义灯·行藏注》中所说的方法来理解。“一切行相悉皆圆满”是指因为具备圆满的特征,所以以最上士等一切行相而圆满成就。女性确实不可能有马阴藏相等特征。而且所谓第二性,本来就比第一性低劣。因此,紧接着的段落中才说“由于……”等等。
279-280.Manussattanti manussabhāvo tasseva pabbajjādiguṇānaṃ yoggabhāvato. Liṅgasampattīti purisabhāvo. Hetūti manovacīpaṇidhānapubbikā hetusampadā. Satthāradassananti satthusammukhībhāvo. Pabbajjāti kammakiriyavādīsu tāpasesu, bhikkhūsu vā pabbajjā. Guṇasampattīti abhiññādiguṇasampadā. Adhikāroti buddhe uddissa adhiko kāro, savisesā upakārakiriyā adhiko sakkāroti vuttaṃ hoti. Chandova chandatā, sammāsambodhiṃ uddissa sātisayo kattukamyatākusalacchando. Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānāti etesaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ dhammānaṃ samāyogena. Abhinīhāroti kāyapaṇidhānaṃ. Samijjhatīti nipphajjati. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana paramatthadīpaniyā cariyāpiṭakavaṇṇanāya (cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā) vuttanayena veditabbo. Sabbākāraparipūramevāti paripuṇṇalakkhaṇatāya sattuttamādīhi sabbākārena sampannameva. Na hi itthiyā kosohitavatthaguyhatādi sambhavati. Dutiyapakati ca nāma paṭhamapakatito nihīnā eva. Tenevāha – anantaravāre ‘‘yasmā’’tiādi.
281这里说“男子在那里投生”,意思是:在这个人世间身为男子的人,以梵天之身在那梵天界投生。这就说明,即使没有男性性征,梵天们仍然具有男子的形相。世尊正是针对这种男子形相才说:“若男子作梵天位……”因此又说:“即使相同……”等等。如果这样,女人不就不能投生到梵天界了吗?于是回答说:“梵天位……”等等。
281.Idha purisassa tattha nibbattanatoti imasmiṃ manussaloke purisabhūtassa tattha brahmaloke brahmattabhāvena nibbattanato. Tena asatipi purisaliṅge purisākārā brahmāno hontīti dasseti. Taṃyeva ca purisākāraṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘yaṃ puriso brahmattaṃ kāreyyā’’ti. Tenevāha – ‘‘samānepī’’tiādi. Yadi evaṃ itthiyo brahmaloke na uppajjeyyunti āha – ‘‘brahmatta’’ntiādi.
290-295从“身恶行”等经文开始,讲的是所谓的业定则。具有、具备、拥有,因为存在这种性质,所以称为具有者、具备者;或者,习惯于具备的,也称为具有者。在加行阶段,从资具聚集等开始,以积集的方式称为积集具足;以决定思的方式称为思具足。或者,以思的相续方式称为积集具足;以各个思的刹那方式称为思具足。以已作、已积集而果报尚未成熟的业而言,称为业具足。然而,当业开始成熟时,以果报生起的方式称为果报具足。以业等现前的时间而言,称为现前具足。在善业与不善业的积集刹那,即在善业与不善业的营求刹那。以“如是”一词,牵引出善不善业一句。如同所作之业有能力给予果报,如是所作、已积集。堪能成熟果报,即在第二世等中堪能成熟。对正在生起者,投生相现前,这是连接。投生的生起之因,即投生相,是业、业相和趣相。然而,在义注中,只以趣相的方式显示了连接。业与业相的现前也应视情况而见。由于“凡他们先前所作的那些业,那些业在那时悬挂、垂挂、悬垂”这一说法,犹如傍晚大山峰的影子,对临近死亡的众生于心中如梦中一样,已作机会成熟的业,其相、趣相确实现前。动摇,即转变。因为以某一业,当那相现前时,由于缘的差别,以另一业,另一相的现前,即是转变。其余的,不动摇;剩余的四种具足也不动摇,因为不转变。
290-295. ‘‘Kāyaduccaritassā’’tiādipāḷiyā kammaniyāmo nāma kathito. Samañjanaṃ samaṅgo, samannāgamo, so etassa atthīti samaṅgī, samannāgato, samañjanasīlo vā samaṅgī, pubbabhāge upakaraṇasamudāyato pabhuti āyūhanavasena āyūhanasamaṅgītā, sanniṭṭhāpakacetanāvasena cetanāsamaṅgitā. Cetanāsantativasena vā āyūhanasamaṅgitā, taṃtaṃcetanākkhaṇavasena cetanāsamaṅgītā. Katūpacitassa avipakkavipākassa kammassa vasena kammasamaṅgitā. Kamme pana vipaccituṃ āraddhe vipākappavattivasena vipākasamaṅgitā. Kammādīnaṃ upaṭṭhānakālavasena upaṭṭhānasamaṅgitā. Kusalākusalakammāyūhanakkhaṇeti kusalakammassa akusalakammassa ca samīhanakkhaṇe. Tathāti iminā kusalākusalakammapadaṃ ākaḍḍhati. Yathā kataṃ kammaṃ phaladānasamatthaṃ hoti, tathā kataṃ upacitaṃ. Vipākārahanti dutiyabhavādīsu vipaccanārahaṃ. Uppajjamānānaṃ upapattinimittaṃ upaṭṭhātīti yojanā. Upapattiyā uppajjanassa nimittaṃ kāraṇanti upapattinimittaṃ, kammaṃ, kammanimittaṃ, gatinimittañca. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana gatinimittavaseneva yojanā dassitā. Kammakammanimittānampi upaṭṭhānaṃ yathārahaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. ‘‘Yānissa tāni pubbe katāni kammāni, tānissa tasmiṃ samaye olambanti ajjholambanti abhilambanti’’ti (ma. ni. 3.248) vacanato sāyanhe mahantānaṃ pabbatakūṭānaṃ chāyā viya āsannamaraṇassa sattassa citte supine viya vipaccituṃ katokāsaṃ kammaṃ, tassa nimittaṃ gatinimittaṃ upatiṭṭhateva. Calatīti parivattati. Ekena hi kammunā tajje nimitte upaṭṭhite paccayavisesavasena tato aññena kammunā tadaññassa nimittassa upaṭṭhānaṃ parivattanaṃ. Sesā niccalā avasesā catubbidhāpi samaṅgitā niccalā aparivattanato.
“狗猎人”是指以狗来猎取野兽的人,也就是用狗打猎的人。“以花铺地供养”是指把花铺在地上作供养。“以积集思和业具足来说”:对于身恶行一再地积集,由于以决定思造作那业,又因为那业没有被能灭尽业的智慧所耗尽,并且以所积集的业而具足。
Sunakhavājikoti sunakhehi migavājavasena vajanasīlo, sunakhaluddakoti attho. Talasantharaṇapūjanti bhūmitalassa pupphehi santharaṇapūjaṃ. Āyūhanacetanā kammasamaṅgitāvasenāti kāyaduccaritassa aparāparaṃ āyūhanena sanniṭṭhāpakacetanāya tasseva pakappane kammakkhayakarañāṇena akhepitattā yathūpacitakammunā ca samaṅgibhāvassa vasena.
“业”指不善业。“就在那个刹那”指正在积集的刹那。“他的”指具有业的个人,其天界已被遮止,意思是如果那个业获得感果的机会,就会如此。说“天界被遮止”只是举例而已,他的人间世界也同样被遮止。不过另有一些人认为:由于前面所说的果报障碍没有被排除,而且“就在那个刹那”这句话没有加以区分,为了避开这个过失,所以说了“所谓已积集的业……”等话。“当业获得感果机会时”这句话,是因为已作机会者的不可抗拒性才说的。正如世尊在第三波罗夷事中退居独坐;而在这部经中,因为说到“身恶行具足”,所以得不到果报现前具足。
Kammanti akusalakammaṃ. Tasmiṃyeva khaṇeti āyūhanakkhaṇeyeva. Tassāti kammasamaṅgino puggalassa saggo vārito, tañce kammaṃ vipākavāraṃ labheyyāti adhippāyo. Saggo vāritoti ca nidassanamattaṃ. Manussalokopissa vāritovāti. Apare pana purimehi vipākāvaraṇassa anuddhaṭattā ‘‘tasmiṃyeva khaṇe’’ti ca avisesena vuttattā taṃ dosaṃ pariharituṃ ‘‘āyūhitakammaṃ nāmā’’tiādimāha. Yadā kammaṃ vipākavāraṃ labhatīti idaṃ katokāsassa appaṭibāhiyattā vuttaṃ . Tathā hi bhagavā tatiyapārājikavatthusmiṃ (pārā. 162 ādayo) paṭisallīyi, imasmiṃ sutte ‘‘kāyaduccaritasamaṅgī’’ti āgatattā vipākūpaṭṭhānasamaṅgitā na labbhanti.