第17章
17. Sattarasamo paricchedo
神通所缘的详细解释
Abhiññārammaṇaniddesavaṇṇanā
1104未来分智:没有到来就叫未至,意思是还没有到达。对于未来的部分、未来的划分,了知它们的智,就是未来分智。它了知:无论什么业,随着各自的业而趣向相应的果,这就是随业而趣,也就是了知异熟思的智。
1104.Anāgataṃsañāṇañcāti na āgato anāgato, na tāva sampattoti attho, anāgate aṃsā koṭṭhāsā tesaṃ ñāṇaṃ anāgataṃsañāṇaṃ. Yaṃ yaṃ kammaṃ yathākammaṃ, taṃ upagacchati jānātīti yathākammupagaṃ, vipākacetanājānanakañāṇaṃ.
1107-9在这里,关于那些所缘三法,所谓“令身依止于心”,就是让那个身体依止于心,然后依照身、心、心所,把智安立在广大的心中,这就是神变智。此后,因为以身作为所缘,而身体是有限的、属于欲界的,所以这个智就可能成为有限所缘的智。
1107-9.Tattha tesu ārammaṇattikesu. Cittasannissitaṃ katvāti taṃ kāyaṃ cittaṃ sannissitaṃ karitvā tameva kāyacittacetasikavasena mahaggate cittasmiṃ samāropeti ñāṇaṃ iddhividhañāṇaṃ, tato kāyārammaṇato kāyassa parittattā kāmāvacarattā parittārammaṇaṃ ñāṇaṃ siyā.
1110-3当瑜伽行者想以可见之身行走时,他让心依托于身、依托于色身,把作为基础禅那的心,按身的方式安放到身中。那时,由于以禅那为所缘,这个智就成为广大行境。当这个智以未来已生起的法和过去已生起的法为所缘时,这个智就成为过去所缘;当它取未来为所缘时,就成为未来行境。可是,当那位比丘以可见之身行走时,这位瑜伽行者的智的行境就叫做现在。以上就是详细的分别解说。
1110-3.Dissamānenakāyena, gantukāmo yadā bhave yo yogī dissamānena kāyena gantukāmo yadā bhaveyya, so yogī tadā cittaṃ kāyasannissitaṃ katvā rūpakāye sannissitaṃ katvā taṃ pādakajjhānacittaṃ kāyavasena kāye āropeti, tadā jhānārammaṇato taṃ ñāṇaṃ mahaggatagocaraṃ hoti, yaṃ ñāṇaṃ yadā anāgatañca dhammajātaṃ, atītañca dhammajātaṃ visayaṃ ārammaṇaṃ karoti, tadā taṃ ñāṇaṃ atītārammaṇaṃ hoti, tadā anāgatārammaṇaṃ ārammaṇakaraṇakāle anāgatagocaraṃ hoti. Dissamānena kāyena tassa bhikkhuno gamane pana sati tassa yogino ñāṇassa gocaro paccuppanno nāma hoti, iti viniddise.
1114他凭借心力把身安放在心上,又凭借身力把心安放在身上。这样一来,在转换的时候,这位瑜伽行者的智就可能以内法为所缘。所谓“在七种所缘中运转”,就是在被称为有限、广大、过去、未来、现在、内、外的七种所缘中运转。
1114. Kāyaṃ cittassa vasena citte āropeti, cittaṃ kāyassa vasena kāye āropeti, iti pariṇāmanakālasmiṃ tassa yogino ñāṇaṃ ajjhattārammaṇaṃ siyā. Sampavattati sattasūti parittamahaggataatītaanāgatapaccuppannaajjhattabahiddhārammaṇasaṅkhātesu sattasu ārammaṇesu sampavattati.
1120在了知“中等”时,就是了知广大。
1120.Jānane majjhimānanti mahaggatānaṃ jānane.
1122这种他心智能以道为所缘,只是从一种间接的角度才被认定为了知。
1122.Etassa cetopariyañāṇassa maggārammaṇatā pariyāyena eva matā ñātā.
1126-7在这里,具足三刹那的现在,就是刹那等。
1126-7.Tattha tikkhaṇasampattaṃ, paccuppannaṃ khaṇādikaṃ.
其中,在那些现在者中,凡是现在、以刹那等为起点、达到三刹那、达到生住灭三刹那的刹那等,就只是那个刹那本身,这叫做刹那现在。摄于一个或两个相续、心路范畴的,叫做相续现在。所谓“现在”,意思是“最后”,也就是时现在。
Tattha tesu paccuppannesu yaṃ paccuppannaṃ khaṇādikaṃ tikkhaṇasampattaṃ uppādaṭṭhitibhaṅgakkhaṇasampattaṃ khaṇādikaṃ khaṇāyeva taṃ khaṇāvayavaṃ paccuppannaṃ nāma. Ekadvesantativārapariyāpannanti ekacittadvicittavīthivārapariyāpannaṃ santatipaccuppannaṃ nāma. Paccuppannanti pacchimanti addhāpaccuppannanti attho.
1131-2以转向心转向诸法、以心了知诸法时,由于这两个心——转向心和速行心——没有俱时存在,所以“刹那等三者是现在”乃至最后那句“一心只由一心(了知),但必定能贯穿”的整段文句就站不住脚。又因为转向心和速行心已到达并落入不同所缘的状态,所以也不成立。不过,如果是在不期望的场合,不希望这两者——转向心和速行心——取同一所缘,那么在这种情形下就不成立;但在另一种情形下,即在圣道心路中,转向心和遍作速行以遍处等为所缘,种姓心和出世间心以涅槃为所缘,在这里则是不期望速行所缘的同一所缘性。
1131-2. Yena āvajjanacittena dhamme āvajjati, yena cetasā jānāti, tesaṃ dvinnaṃ āvajjanajavanacittānaṃ sahaṭṭhānassa abhāvā taṃ ‘‘khaṇādikattayaṃ paccuppanna’’ntiādikaṃ ‘‘ekassa cittamekena, avassaṃ pana vijjhati’’iti pariyosānaṃ vacanaṃ na yujjati. Āvajjanajavanānaṃ nānārammaṇabhāvaṃ pattito āpajjanato ca na yujjati. Aniṭṭhe pana ṭhāne tesaṃ āvajjanajavanānaṃ ekārammaṇabhāve anicchite tasmiṃ ṭhāne na yujjati, aññasmiṃ pana ṭhāne maggavīthiyaṃ āvajjanaparikammajavanānaṃ kasiṇādikaṃ ārammaṇaṃ hoti, gotrabhulokuttaracittānañca nibbānaṃ ārammaṇaṃ hoti, ettha ārammaṇajavanānaṃ ekārammaṇatā anicchatā.
1134-41说完“被一个存在刹那所限定,就是现在;最后那个就是现在”之后,为了用另一种方式说明那个“现在”,这里要依速行路来讲“现在”这个词所指的、名为“现在”的现在。以上这句话已经指示完毕。当有神通的瑜伽行者为了知道他心而转向时,他的转向心取名为“现在刹那”的现在意门转向心为所缘,并和那个心一起灭去。它们灭去之后,那位瑜伽行者心中生起四或五个速行。在这四或五个速行中,最后那个心就是神通心。除了神通心之外,其余都是欲界心。这些欲界速行和神通速行同样取他心为所缘,所以这些速行全都归于同一所缘,这些速行不会有时取不同所缘。虽然这些速行因为取现在所缘而具有同一所缘,但只有神通心能了他心,其余欲界心并不能了他心。就像在眼门中,眼识看见色,其余的心并不能看见。
1134-41. ‘‘Ekabbhavaparicchinnaṃ, paccuppannanti pacchima’’nti vatvā puna aññena pariyāyena taṃ paccuppannaṃ dassetuṃ idaṃ addhākhyaṃ addhānāma paccuppannaṃ javanavārato dīpetabbaṃ. Iti vacanaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ. Yadā iddhimā yogī parassa cittaṃ ñātuṃ āvajjati, tassa āvajjanamano paccuppannakhaṇavhayaṃ paccuppannaṃ manodvārāvajjanacittaṃ ārammaṇaṃ katvā tena cittena saddhiṃ nirujjhati, tesu niruddhesu tassa yogino cattāri, pañca vā javanāni jāyanti. Etesaṃ catunnaṃ, pañcannaṃ javanānaṃ yaṃ pacchimaṃ cittaṃ iddhicittamudīritaṃ. Iddhicittato sesāni kāmāvacaracittāni. Etesaṃ kāmāvacare iddhijavanānaṃ tadeva ca paracittaṃ ārammaṇaṃ hoti yasmā, tasmā sabbāni tāni javanāni ekārammaṇataṃ yanti, tesaṃ javanānaṃ nānārammaṇatā addhāvasā na bhaveyya, paccuppannārammaṇato tesaṃ javanānaṃ ekārammaṇabhāvepi iddhimānasameva ca parassa cittaṃ jānāti. Itarāni kāmāvacarāni pana cittāni parassa cittaṃ na jānanti. Yathā cakkhudvāre tu viññāṇanti cakkhuviññāṇaṃ rūpaṃ passati, tathā itaraṃ cittaṃ na passati.
1161“对未来分智”这句话的意思是:未来分智不以未来法为行境,它根本就不可能以未来法为行境。
1161.Anāgataṃsañāṇassāti anāgataṃsañāṇassa anāgataṃ dhammaṃ agocaraṃ, gocaraṃ na hotiyevāti attho.
1169这段巴利文可以译成:
这种文词具足种种意义、能引出甘美法义、令听者心生喜悦的殊胜说法,哪个有情之人不愿听闻呢?
1169. Vividhatthāni vaṇṇapadāni yasmiṃ so vividhatthavaṇṇapado, taṃ madhuratthamatinīharaṃ uttamaṃ sotujanassa hadayaṃ pītikaraṃ sacetano ko nāma manujo na suṇeyya.