礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者
律抉择复注· 第一部分巴利
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa · Vinayavinicchayaṭīkā · (Paṭhamo bhāgo)
律抉择复注巴利 Vinayavinicchayaṭīkā
210 段
绳束开始的谈论巴利
Ganthārambhakathā
从太阳王族中诞生并显现的
一圈一寻那么大的光晕,像天上的彩虹。
以法水浇灭恶法的热恼者;
我礼敬那位如大云般的佛陀。巴利
Ādiccavaṃsambarapātubhūtaṃ ; Byāmappabhāmaṇḍaladevacāpaṃ; Dhammambunijjhāpitapāpaghammaṃ; Vandāmahaṃ buddha mahambuvantaṃ.
清净甚深句义的河流。
由种种方法组成的无边波浪花环
以无量的戒蕴等为鱼群;
我礼敬那广大流淌的法。巴利
Pasannagambhīrapadāḷisotaṃ; Nānānayānantataraṅgamālaṃ; Sīlādikhandhāmitamacchagumbaṃ ; Vandāmahaṃ dhamma mahāsavantiṃ.
以戒为岸,以头陀行作螺贝璎珞;
以知足为水,以平静为心地。
以精勤为本务,以增上心为精髓。
我礼敬那如大海般的僧团。巴利
Sīloruvelaṃ dhutasaṅkhamālaṃ; Santosatoyaṃ samathūmicittaṃ; Padhānakiccaṃ adhicittasāraṃ; Vandāmahaṃ saṅgha mahāsamuddaṃ.
那些牟尼王之子、受持经法的人;
暂时守护着,
他们带来了清净无染的注释。
我向前代的老师们和(其他)老师们致敬。巴利
Ye tantidhammaṃ munirājaputtā; Yāvajjakālaṃ paripālayantā; Saṃvaṇṇanaṃ nimmalamānayiṃsu; Te pubbake cācariye namāmi.
那位名字等同于法军统帅的人;
狮子洲之灯亦复如是。
我的大主、大修士之主,
他促使了胜者教法的增长。巴利
Yo dhammasenāpatitulyanāmo; Tathūpamo sīhaḷadīpadīpo; Mamaṃ mahāsāmimahāyatindo; Pāpesi vuḍḍhiṃ jinasāsanamhi.
他为了注疏而造了复注。
名为《一切欢喜》的
以及《增支部注疏》。
另外还有其他论著的天文学著作。巴利
Ṭīkā katā aṭṭhakathāya yena; Samantapāsādikanāmikāya; Aṅguttarāyaṭṭhakathāya ceva; Satthantarassāpi ca jotisatthaṃ.
由那位促成诸部团结的人
国王以破敌之臂正确地
我也曾受兰卡之主供养。
我礼敬那位值得敬重、堪受恭敬的师长。巴利
Nikāyasāmaggividhāyakena; Raññā parakkantibhujena sammā; Laṅkissarenāpi katopahāraṃ; Vande garuṃ gāravabhājanaṃ taṃ.
我礼敬着,我这样获得了。
三种应受礼敬且已被礼敬的尊贵对象;
那非微弱的福德积聚,
靠他的威德力,障碍已经被消除。巴利
Namassamānohamalatthamevaṃ ; Vatthuttayaṃ vanditavandaneyyaṃ; Yaṃ puññasandohamamandabhūtaṃ; Tassānubhāvena hatantarāyo.
那位被佛陀声(佛音)阿阇梨中之雄牛所称叹的——
即使被智者赞叹,他也同样深受赞叹。
他名叫佛授阿阇梨。
伟大的诗人,上座部传承的明灯。巴利
Yo buddhaghosācariyāsabhena; Viññuppasatthenapi suppasattho; So buddhadattācariyābhidhāno; Mahākavī theriyavaṃsadīpo.
他写了那部名叫《律抉择》的著作;
连同《续律抉择》的这部论著,最为殊胜,能带来利益;
怀有期待,在戒律要义上具备善巧;
你先前曾用僧伽罗语为它作注释。巴利
Akāsi yaṃ vinayavinicchayavhayaṃ; Sauttaraṃ pakaraṇamuttamaṃ hitaṃ; Apekkhataṃ vinayanayesu pāṭavaṃ; Purāsi yaṃ vivaraṇamassa sīhaḷaṃ.
因为不为其他岛屿者的利益;
它使比丘们的利益完全实现。
所以,确实在一切处,为了修行者的利益;
怀着慈悲、殷切期盼着的人。巴利
Yasmā na dīpantarikānamatthaṃ; Sādheti bhikkhūnamasesato taṃ; Tasmā hi sabbattha yatīnamatthaṃ; Āsīsamānena dayālayena.
因为以善吉祥长老为首,
以恭敬心与善妙的意乐;
由通晓法理、住在森林里的人
被具备善德宝藏的人恳请。巴利
Sumaṅgalattheravarena yasmā; Sakkacca kalyāṇamanorathena; Nayaññunāraññanivāsikena; Ajjhesito sādhuguṇākarena.
想要长久延续的人
由法主所教导之法;
还有朱腊明灯与佛友
由那位长老,因信等功德而著称。巴利
Ākaṅkhamānena cirappavattiṃ; Dhammassa dhammissaradesitassa; Coḷappadīpena ca buddhamitta- Ttherena saddhādiguṇoditena.
同样地,那位名为大迦叶的(长老);
那位长老对诸学处怀着恭敬心;
由那位仅以邪见而存在的拆毁者;
由被朱腊地供养的狮子。巴利
Tathā mahākassapaavhayena; Therena sikkhāsu sagāravena; Kudiṭṭhimattebhavidārakena; Sīhena coḷāvanipūjitena.
那位名叫“法称”、受人称赞的人
也由那位有信心的近事男
以戒等种种功德庄严的
在这里,渴望正法的智者。巴利
Yo dhammakittīti pasatthanāmo; Tenāpi saddhena upāsakena; Sīlādinānāguṇamaṇḍitena; Saddhammakāmenidha paṇḍitena.
有信、有智慧、有力量的人,
拥有吉祥的传承和盛大的名声;
也受商人婆努劝请。
因那位具足殊胜智慧、善德不断涌现的人。巴利
Saddhena paññāṇavatā vaḷattā-; Maṅgalyavaṃsena mahāyasena; Āyācito vāṇijabhāṇunāpi; Varaññunā sādhuguṇodayena.
因此,将之置入巴利语。
依靠过去老师的教导,
抛弃了其他部派主张带来的过失;
把详细展开的方式整理成简略的说法。巴利
Tasmā tamāropiya pāḷibhāsaṃ; Nissāya pubbācariyopadesaṃ; Hitvā nikāyantaraladdhidosaṃ; Katvātivitthāranayaṃ samāsaṃ.
同时阐明没有说到的含义;
也不偏离经文的次第。
我要讲解其中真正核心的意思。
也从其他论典中提取精华。巴利
Avuttamatthañca pakāsayanto; Pāṭhakkamañcāpi avokkamanto; Saṃvaṇṇayissāmi tadatthasāraṃ; Ādāya ganthantaratopi sāraṃ.
渴望长久住立的众人,
能带来利益、没有污垢的教法,
被我简要地安排。
请善士们好好听这个赞释。巴利
Ciraṭṭhitiṃ patthayatā janānaṃ; Hitāvahassāmalasāsanassa; Mayā samāsena vidhīyamānaṃ; Saṃvaṇṇanaṃ sādhu suṇantu santoti.
《论典开端语详解》巴利
Ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā
这位阿阇梨在开始撰写这部律藏论典时——这部论典能带来极广大、无垢的信、慧等种种功德的聚集,是一切众生利益的唯一根源,也是胜者佛陀教法得以安住的基础——为了在论典开头说明礼敬三宝、论典的名称、所诠内容、做法、目的、因缘、作者、篇幅等,所以说了“礼敬”等话。其中,所谓“三宝”,就是:巴利
. Suvipulāmalasaddhāpaññādiguṇasamudayāvahaṃ sakalajanahitekahetujinasāsanaṭṭhitimūlabhūtaṃ vinayappakaraṇamidamārabhantoyamācariyo pakaraṇārambhe ratanattayappaṇāmapakaraṇābhidhānābhidheyyakaraṇappakārapayojananimittakattuparimāṇādīni dassetumāha ‘‘vanditvā’’tiādi. Tattha ratanattayaṃ nāma.
以心制成,又极为珍贵,无可比拟,难以遇见;
它是无上士所享用的,因此被称为宝。
已指出其自性。
佛陀是一切知智,法是出世间九种,
僧伽是安住于道与果的圣者,这就是三宝。巴利
‘‘Cittīkataṃ mahagghañca, atulaṃ dullabhadassanaṃ; Anomasattaparibhogaṃ, ratanaṃ tena vuccatī’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 2.33; saṃ. ni. aṭṭha. 3.5.223; khu. pā. aṭṭha. 6.3; su. ni. aṭṭha. 1.226; mahāni. aṭṭha. 50) – Niddiṭṭhasabhāvaṃ ‘‘Buddho sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ, dhammo lokuttaro nava; Saṅgho maggaphalaṭṭho ca, iccetaṃ ratanattaya’’nti. –
已经清楚说明了它的种种分类,能遮止一切生存中的苦,是三界中独一无二的归依处,也就是这三宝。巴利
Vibhāvitappabhedaṃ sakalabhavadukkhavinivāraṇaṃ tibhavenekapaṭisaraṇaṃ vatthuttayaṃ.
他的礼敬,叫做能完成礼敬行为的思。这种思有三种:身礼敬、语礼敬、意礼敬。其中,身礼敬是以随念三宝功德为先导,通过合掌等身体动作而现起的,能引发身表的思。语礼敬同样是以随念三宝功德为先导,通过以各种方式彰显功德殊胜为本质的赞叹行为而现起的,能引发语表的思。意礼敬则不引发身表和语表这两种表,仅仅通过随念功德,让心相续倾向于、倾注于、偏向于那功德,从而完成恭敬与尊重的思。巴利
Tassa paṇāmo nāma paṇāmakiriyānipphādikā cetanā. Sā tividhā kāyapaṇāmo vacīpaṇāmo manopaṇāmoti. Tattha kāyapaṇāmo nāma ratanattayaguṇānussaraṇapubbikā añjalikammādikāyakiriyāvasappavattikā kāyaviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā. Vacīpaṇāmo nāma tatheva pavattā nānāvidhaguṇavisesavibhāvanasabhāvathomanākiriyāvasappavattikā vacīviññattisamuṭṭhāpikā cetanā. Manopaṇāmo nāma ubhayaviññattiyo asamuṭṭhāpetvā kevalaṃ guṇānussaraṇena cittasantānassa tanninnatappoṇatappabbhāratāya gāravabahumānanavasappavattisādhikā cetanā.
先说这个礼敬三宝的偈颂,它的用意是为了达成作者心中想要的目标。因为凭着殊胜的功德力量,对值得礼敬的三宝所做的礼敬,本身就是一种特别的福业,所以它能排除那些障碍、伤害、逼迫修行者的不善业所结成的灾祸之网,也能给已经获得成就因缘的福业增添助力,还能让福业的果报相续增长寿命、安乐、力量等,因此成为长久持续的因,也就成了实现所期望的论著目标的助缘。其次,也是为了让听者从一开始就以恭敬礼敬为先,没有障碍地通过听闻、记持等步骤,最终理解这部论著。再者,对于已经了解佛陀的听者,通过听闻世尊真实功德的殊胜,能生起净信,从而对论著产生恭敬;对于还不了解佛陀的听者,则因为论著本身善说的特质,而对论著的根源——那位大师——生起恭敬。诸阿阇梨在造论之初写下这些赞叹和礼敬的偈颂,主要就是为了利益听者。否则,即使不写这些,仅靠身礼和心敬也能达成所愿的目标,那又何必写这些让论著显得庄重的文字呢?这里是简略的说明。详细解释礼敬的用意,应当依照《萨罗他迪波尼》等注释书中所说的方式来了知。巴利
Imassa tāva ratanattayapaṇāmassa dassanaṃ yathādhippetatthasādhanatthaṃ. Guṇātisayayogena hi paṇāmārahe ratanattaye kato paṇāmo puññavisesabhāvato icchitatthābhinipphattivibandhakena upaghātakena, upapīḷakena ca apuññakammena upanīyamānassa upaddavajālassa vinivāraṇena yathāladdhasampattinimittakassa puññakammassa anubalappadānena ca tabbipākasantatiyā āyusukhabalādivaḍḍhanena ca cirakālappavattihetukoti yathādhippetapakaraṇanipphattinibandhanako hoti. Athāpi sotūnañca vandanīyavandanāpubbakenārambhena anantarāyena uggahaṇadhāraṇādikkamena pakaraṇāvabodhappayojanasādhanatthaṃ. Apica sotūnameva viññātasatthukānaṃ bhagavato yathābhūtaguṇavisesānussavanena samupajātappasādānaṃ pakaraṇe gāravuppādanatthaṃ, aviññātasatthukānaṃ pana pakaraṇassa svākhyātatāya tappabhave satthari gāravuppādanatthañca sotujanānuggahameva padhānaṃ katvā ācariyehi ganthārambhe thutippaṇāmaparidīpakānaṃ gāthāvākyānaṃ nikkhepo vidhīyati. Itarathā vināpi tannikkhepaṃ kāyamanopaṇāmenāpi yathādhippetappayojanasiddhito kimetena ganthagāravakarenāti ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthārato pana paṇāmappayojanaṃ sāratthadīpaniyādīsu (sārattha. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; vi. vi. ṭī. 2.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā) dassitanayeneva ñātabbaṃ.
说明名称,是为了便于日常称呼。用完整的论书来阐述所要表达的内容,是为了显示论书应当被撰写的自身性质。因为审察的人认为,应当撰写的论书,它所表达的内容必须是已知的、没有过失的、有实益的、容易实践的。展示撰写的方式,是为了激励听众。因为以不杂乱、不混杂等方式写成的论书,听众才愿意去听。说明目的,是为了策励听众研读论书。因为如果没有说明目的,不了解目的的人就不会专心研读。说明缘由,是为了让同道者对论书生起恭敬。因为只有出于值得称赞的原因而写成的论书,同道者才会对它生起恭敬。巴利
Abhidhānakathanaṃ pana vohārasukhatthaṃ. Abhidheyyassa samuditena pakaraṇena paṭipādetabbassa kathanaṃ pakaraṇassa ārabhitabbasabhāvadassanatthaṃ. Viditāninditasātthakasukarānuṭṭhānābhi dheyyameva hi pakaraṇaṃ parikkhakajanā ārabhitabbaṃ maññantīti. Karaṇappakārasandassanaṃ sotujanasamussāhanatthaṃ. Anākulamasaṃkiṇṇatādippakārena hi viracitaṃ pakaraṇaṃ sotāro sotumussahantīti. Payojanakathanaṃ pana pakaraṇajjhāyane sotujanasamuttejanatthaṃ. Asati hi payojanakathane aviññātappayojanā ajjhāyane byāvaṭā na hontīti. Nimittakathanaṃ sarikkhakajanānaṃ pakaraṇe gāravuppādanatthaṃ. Pasatthakāraṇuppanneyeva hi pakaraṇe sarikkhakā gāravaṃ janentīti.
说明作者,是为了让敬重人的人也能因为敬重人而对这部论书生起恭敬。说明篇幅,是为了鼓舞那些不勤于诵习等的人。因为他们听到这部论书的篇幅后,会欢喜地想:“这么少,不用多久就能学完”,于是便投入诵习等事中。用“等”这个字,也包含了劝人恭敬听闻,目的是为了生起闻所成智,而这是一切成就之因。如果不恭敬地听闻,就没有真正听闻,也就没有以听闻为因的闻所成智。就像这样,心散乱的人,即使听人说有一切成就,也会说:“我没听到,请再说一遍。”巴利
Kattukathanaṃ puggalagarukassa pakaraṇe gāravo puggalagāravenapi hotūti. Parimāṇakathanaṃ asajjhāyanādipasutānaṃ sampahaṃsanatthaṃ. Pakaraṇaparimāṇassavanena hi te sampahaṭṭhā ‘‘kittakamidamappakaṃ na cireneva parisamāpessāmā’’ti sajjhāyanādīsu vattantīti. Ādi-saddena sakkaccasavananiyojanaṃ saṅgahitaṃ, taṃ sabbasampattinidānasutamayañāṇanipphādanatthaṃ. Asakkaccaṃ suṇamānassa ca savanābhāvato taṃhetukassa sutamayañāṇassāpi abhāvoti. Tathā hi vikkhittacitto puggalo sabbasampattiyā vuccamānopi ‘‘na mayā sutaṃ, puna bhaṇitabba’’nti bhaṇati.
在这里,先就第一首偈颂来说,用“礼敬”这个词,总体上已经显示了三种礼敬。但如果分别来说,则应当看到:用“最胜”“无对”“作有无有”“无垢”这四个词,显示的是语礼敬;用“以头”这个词,显示的是身礼敬;而用“佛”“法”“僧众”这三个词,则显示了三宝作为礼敬行为所对的对象。巴利
Tattha paṭhamagāthāyaṃ tāva ‘‘vanditvā’’ti iminā tividhopi paṇāmo avisesato dassito. Visesato pana ‘‘seṭṭhaṃ, appaṭipuggalaṃ, bhavābhāvakaraṃ, niraṅgaṇa’’nti imehi catūhi padehi vacīpaṇāmo, ‘‘sirasā’’ti iminā kāyappaṇāmo, ‘‘buddhaṃ, dhammaṃ, gaṇañcā’’ti imehi pana tīhi padehi paṇāmakiriyāya kammabhūtaṃ ratanattayaṃ dassitanti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“律的抉择”这个名称,是通过不省略的复合词显示出来的,因为它表明了“律抉择”这个名字。按照名称与实际含义相符,作为词语生起的依据、也就是整部论书应当阐述的所表之义,也由此得到了显示。而“略”这个词,以及“不杂乱、不混淆、甘美义句的次第”这些说法,显示了造论的方式。“为利益”以及“使律的次第明了”“为渡无边者”等语,则显示了目的。“比丘与比丘尼”这个词显示了外在的缘。至于内在的缘——以比丘、比丘尼为所缘的悲,这在阿阇梨着手造论时就能了知,所以没有另外说明。“我将说”这个词,通过同格关系得出的纯粹作者“我”,以一般的方式显示出来。但特别来说,在论书的结尾——巴利
‘‘Vinayassavinicchaya’’nti iminā abhidhānaṃ dassitaṃ aluttasamāsena vinayavinicchayanāmassa dassanato. Tassa anvatthabhāvena saddappavattinimittabhūtaṃ sakalenānena pakaraṇena paṭipādetabbamabhidheyyampi teneva dassitaṃ. ‘‘Samāsenā’’ti ca ‘‘anākulamasaṃkiṇṇaṃ, madhuratthapadakkama’’nti ca etehi karaṇappakāro dassito. ‘‘Hitatthāyā’’ti ca ‘‘paṭubhāvakaraṃ vinayakkame’’ti ca ‘‘apāraṃ otarantāna’’ntiādinā ca payojanaṃ. ‘‘Bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīna’’nti iminā bāhiranimittaṃ dassitaṃ. Abbhantaranimittaṃ pana bāhiranimittabhūtabhikkhubhikkhunivisayā karuṇā, sā ācariyassa pakaraṇārambheneva viññāyatīti visuṃ na vuttā. ‘‘Pavakkhāmī’’ti iminā samānādhikaraṇabhāvena labbhamāno ‘‘aha’’nti suddhakattā sāmaññena dassito. Visesato pana pakaraṇāvasāne –
由智者佛授以清净之心所造。
为了让大仙的教法长久住世。巴利
‘‘Racito buddhadattena, suddhacittena dhīmatā; Suciraṭṭhitikāmena, sāsanassa mahesino’’ti. (u. vi. 961) –
通过这首偈颂,以及“这部《律抉择》是由铜鍱洲佛授所造——他是最胜的解说者,善巧通达三藏的方法体系,能让最胜诗人的心莲绽放,是诗人中的公牛,发出最上喜悦的甘美语言,出自蛇城”这句话,应当知道:具寿佛授阿阇梨的功德,已被后来的、更为殊胜的诗人们以“像我们这样的人也能成为诗人,佛授却已逝去”等语所赞叹。而作为造论之因,在彼处将要说到的那位应本论之请而承担此任的佛狮子大长老,他——巴利
Imāya gāthāya ceva ‘‘iti tambapaṇṇiyena paramaveyyākaraṇena tipiṭakanayavidhikusalena paramakavivarajana hadayapadumavanavikasanakarena kavivarāsabhena paramaratikaravaramadhuravacanuggārena uragapurena buddhadattena racitoyaṃ vinayavinicchayo’’ti (vi. vi. 3183) iminā vākyena ca dassito – ‘‘mādisāpi kavī honti, buddhadatte divaṅgate’’tiādinā pacchimakehi ca pasatthatarehi kavivarehi abhitthutaguṇo bhadantabuddhadattācariyo veditabbo. Hetukattā ca tattheva vakkhamāno pakaraṇajjhesane katādhīno buddhasīhamahāthero, so –
佛狮子所说的
对律的判定;
指向佛陀狮子;
我的共住弟子,
那么,这是为比丘们造作的吗?
为了利益,简要地说。巴利
‘‘Vuttassa buddhasīhena; Vinayassa vinicchayo; Buddhasīhaṃ samuddissa; Mama saddhivihārikaṃ; Katoyaṃ pana bhikkhūnaṃ; Hitatthāya samāsato’’ti. (vi. vi. 3177-3178) –
不过,僧护大长老因为是《后分》的作者,所以他也——巴利
Uttarappakaraṇassa hetukattā pana saṅghapālamahāthero, sopi –
忍耐、柔和、温和、持戒、智慧、信仰、慈悲等等,
诸德安住于他之中,犹如珍宝于大海。
具足戒律与行仪的他,恭敬又郑重地,
应僧护长老——这位心志坚定的大长老——之请求,
想要让大仙的律法长久住世的人,
为了比丘们的熟练,在律的抉择中;
我造了这部最殊胜的,名字就叫《优多罗》。巴利
‘‘Khantisoraccasosilya-buddhisaddhādayādayo; Patiṭṭhitā guṇā yasmiṃ, ratanānīva sāgare. ‘‘Vinayācārayuttena, tena sakkacca sādaraṃ; Yācito saṅghapālena, therena thiracetasā. ‘‘Suciraṭṭhitikāmena , vinayassa mahesino; Bhikkhūnaṃ pāṭavatthāya, vinayassavinicchaye; Akāsiṃ paramaṃ etaṃ, uttaraṃ nāma nāmato’’ti. (u. vi. 965-968) –
这样已经开示了。并不只是这两位大长老是作因者,在《大史》等书中——巴利
Evaṃ dassito. Na kevalamete dveyeva mahātherā hetukattāro, atha kho mahāvaṃsādīsu –
‘‘Buddhassa viya gambhīra- Ghosattā taṃ viyākaruṃ;
所谓“佛音”,指的就是他本人。巴利
‘Buddhaghoso’ti yo so hi;
Buddho viya mahītale’’ti. –
按照这样的方式,这位被赞叹功德的尊者佛音阿阇梨,既是三藏教理的注疏作者,也应当根据传闻而了知为“因作者”。巴利
Ādinā nayena abhitthutaguṇo tipiṭakapariyattiyā aṭṭhakathākāro bhadantabuddhaghosācariyo ca anussutivasena ‘‘hetukattā’’ti veditabbo.
事情是怎样的呢?据说,这位佛授阿阇梨尊者从楞伽岛前往自己的出生地赡部洲时,在路上遇见佛音阿阇梨尊者正前往楞伽岛。佛音尊者受赡部洲那些专心修行、具足善巧功德的诸位大长老礼请,要把僧伽罗注疏转写为一切人共通的根本语言,为三藏教理撰写注疏。佛授尊者与他对谈、仔细考察之后,以超越一切世间、无可比拟的智慧功德,像极贫穷的人见到宝藏一样,生起了强烈的欢喜。他得知佛音尊者想作注疏,就当面承诺说:“你们把已经写到所希望程度的注疏寄给我们,我们来为它写一部论书。”佛音尊者也劝请他:“善哉,应当这样做。”于是他为阿毗达摩注疏写了《阿毗达摩入门》,为律注疏写了《有附篇的律抉择论书》。这是传闻如此。巴利
Kathaṃ? Ayaṃ kira bhadantabuddhadattācariyo laṅkādīpato sajātibhūmiṃ jambudīpamāgacchanto bhadantabuddhaghosācariyaṃ jambudīpavāsikehi paṭipattiparāyanehi yuttabyattaguṇopetehi mahātheravarehi katārādhanaṃ sīhaḷaṭṭhakathaṃ parivattetvā sakalajanasādhāraṇāya mūlabhāsāya tipiṭakapariyattiyā aṭṭhakathaṃ likhituṃ laṅkādīpaṃ gacchantaṃ antarāmagge disvā sākacchāya samupaparikkhitvā sabbalokātītena asadisena paṇḍiccaguṇena ratananidhidassane paramadaliddo viya balavaparitosaṃ patvā aṭṭhakathamassa kātukāmataṃ ñatvā ‘‘tumhe yathādhippetapariyantalikhitamaṭṭhakathaṃ amhākaṃ pesetha, mayamassā pakaraṇaṃ likhāmā’’ti tassa sammukhā paṭijānitvā tena ca ‘‘sādhu tathā kātabba’’nti ajjhesito abhidhammaṭṭhakathāya abhidhammāvatāraṃ, vinayaṭṭhakathāya sauttaraṃ vinayavinicchayapakaraṇañca akāsīti anussuyyateti.
“略说”这个词,通过它,也用共通的方式显示了篇幅,因为在详说篇幅时,那个篇幅的共通性是能被了知的。不过,从差别来说,篇幅有两种:章节篇幅和文句篇幅。其中,章节篇幅在这部论书中,是以论题的方式来表述的。巴利
‘‘Samāsenā’’ti iminā ca parimāṇampi sāmaññena dassitaṃ vitthāraparimāṇe tassa parimāṇasāmaññassa viññāyamānattā. Visesato pana paricchedaparimāṇaṃ ganthaparimāṇanti duvidhaṃ. Tattha paricchedaparimāṇaṃ imasmiṃ pakaraṇe kathāvohārena vuccati.
也就是哪些呢?波罗夷论、僧残论、不定论、舍堕论、波逸提论、悔过论、众学法论——比丘分别论有七种;去掉不定论之后,比丘尼分别论同样有六种;从大犍度论等开始,到比丘尼犍度论为止,犍度论有二十种;羯磨论、羯磨失坏论、杂项抉择、业处修习规定——在《律抉择》中,论题章节共有三十七种。巴利
Seyyathidaṃ? – Pārājikakathā saṅghādisesakathā aniyatakathā nissaggiyakathā pācittiyakathā pāṭidesanīyakathā sekhiyakathāti bhikkhuvibhaṅgakathā sattavidhā, tato aniyatakathaṃ vajjetvā tatheva bhikkhunivibhaṅgakathā chabbidhā, mahākhandhakakathādikā bhikkhunikkhandhakakathāvasānā vīsatividhā khandhakakathā, kammakathā, kammavipattikathā, pakiṇṇakavinicchayo, kammaṭṭhānabhāvanāvidhānanti vinayavinicchaye kathāparicchedo sattatiṃsa.
另外,按照《优多罗论》中所说的方法,在比丘分别中有七种论说,在比丘尼分别中有六种论说,接着是失坏论说、诤事因缘论说、犍度问答论说、起源头论说、罪生起论说、一增法论说、疑惑解除论说、二分别因缘等论说、一切支相论说、附随集论说,一共三十六论说章节。巴利
Uttarappakaraṇe ca vuttanayena bhikkhuvibhaṅge sattavidhā kathā, bhikkhunivibhaṅge chabbidhā, tadanantarā vipattikathā, adhikaraṇapaccayakathā, khandhakapañhākathā, samuṭṭhānasīsakathā, āpattisamuṭṭhānakathā, ekuttaranayakathā, sedamocanakathā, vibhaṅgadvayanidānādikathā, sabbaṅgalakkhaṇakathā, parivārasaṅkalanakathāti chattiṃsa kathāparicchedā.
不过,在《尼桑德黑》里说“三十八论说章节”,这应该理解为:把《一增法》中没有列出的十二法和十五法,连同十六章节一起算进去,因为只差一点点、多一点点,不够凑成整数来计数。两处的论说章节总数都是七十三种。在《尼桑德黑》中说到“七十五种”时,解释的方法跟前面说的一样。至于书的篇幅,《律抉择》有四千零八十颂,《优多罗》有九百五十颂。因此后面结尾处说:巴利
Nissandehe pana ‘‘aṭṭhatiṃsa kathāparicchedā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ ekuttaranaye adassitehipi dvādasakapannarasakanayehi saha soḷasaparicchede gahetvā appakaṃ ūnamadhikaṃ gaṇanūpagaṃ na hotīti katvā vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ubhayattha kathāparicchedaparimāṇaṃ tesattatividhaṃ hoti. Nissandehe ‘‘pañcasattatividhā’’ti vacane parihāro vuttanayova. Ganthaparimāṇaṃ pana vinayavinicchaye asītiganthādhikāni cattāri ganthasahassāni, uttare paññāsaganthādhikāni nava ganthasatāni honti. Tena vuttaṃ uttarāvasāne –
偈颂四千首,再加一百一十九首。
通过“量”这一点可以了知,这是律的判定。
确实有九百颂,还多出五十。
《优多罗》的偈颂数量,是按阿奴咤布韵律来计算的。巴利
‘‘Gāthā catusahassāni, satañca ūnavīsati; Parimāṇatoti viññeyyo, vinayassavinicchayo. Paññāsādhikasaṅkhāni, nava gāthāsatāni hi; Gaṇanā uttarassāyaṃ, chandasānuṭṭhubhena tū’’ti. (u. vi. 969-970);
这样,《律抉择》和《优多罗》这两部论书,合计五千零三十颂。其中,名为《律抉择》的,是汇集了《经分别》《犍度》两部中所述抉择的论书。此后,汇集《附随》义理的论书,名为《优多罗》。正因如此,接下来会说:巴利
Iccevaṃ vinayavinicchayo uttaro cāti dve pakaraṇāni tiṃsādhikāni pañcagāthāsahassāni. Ettha ca vinayavinicchayo nāma ubhatovibhaṅgakhandhakāgatavinicchayasaṅgāhakapakaraṇaṃ. Tato paraṃ parivāratthasaṅgāhakapakaraṇaṃ uttaro nāma. Teneva vakkhati –
我所作的精要,就是律的抉择;
现在我要为他造一部胜过一切、无与伦比的(论书)。巴利
‘‘Yo mayā racito sāro, vinayassavinicchayo; Tassa dāni karissāmi, sabbānuttaramuttara’’nti. (u. vi. 2)
为什么它被称为《优多罗》呢?在依问答方式安立的《附随》中,虽然本应以同样的方式结集,但以那种方式仅显示了波罗夷之说后——巴利
Taṃ kasmā uttaranāmena vohariyatīti? Pañhuttaravasena ṭhite parivāre tatheva saṅgahetabbepi tena pakārena pārājikakathāmattaṃ dassetvā –
从今往后,抛开仅仅提问本身。
只是按照解答的方式,就有义理的判定。巴利
‘‘Ito paṭṭhāya muñcitvā, pañhāpucchanamattakaṃ; Vissajjanavaseneva, hoti atthavinicchayo’’ti. (u. vi. 14) –
说完问题就把它放下,从此以后只显示答案,所以就这样称呼。巴利
Vatvā pañhaṃ pahāya tato paṭṭhāya uttaramattasseva dassitattā tathā voharīyanti.
因此,通过“所以,以律为方便……”等语句,引导听闻者认真恭敬地听法。因为一切世间和出世间的成就,都依赖于恭敬听法,这就是这里的总义。而就各部分分别来说——由于按照义理连接的次第进行词语连接后再加以解说时,就容易理解,所以我们就这样进行词语连接,然后作义理解说——巴利
‘‘Tasmā vinayanūpāya’’ntiādinā pana sotujanaṃ sakkaccasavane niyojeti. Sakkaccasavanapaṭibaddhā hi sabbāpi lokiyalokuttarasampattīti ayamettha samudāyattho. Ayaṃ pana avayavattho – so yasmā atthayojanakkamena padayojanaṃ katvā vaṇṇite suviññeyyo hoti, tasmā tathā padayojanaṃ katvā atthavaṇṇanaṃ karissāma –
以头顶礼最殊胜、无与伦比的佛陀,顶礼能令有与无灭尽之法,也顶礼无垢的僧团之后,为了比丘和比丘尼众的利益,我将以安定之心简要宣说律的抉择。这是句义上的连接。巴利
Seṭṭhaṃ appaṭipuggalaṃ buddhañceva bhavābhāvakaraṃ dhammañceva niraṅgaṇaṃ gaṇañceva sirasā vanditvā bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnañca hitatthāya samāsena samāhito vinayassavinicchayaṃ vakkhāmīti yojanā.
在这里,“最胜者”的意思是:所有这些人都值得称赞,而这个人以最殊胜的方式胜过他们,所以称为最胜者。确实如此,那位世尊因为具足了禅那等无可超越的功德——这些功德成了他清楚了知并确定自己是最长者、最胜者的原因——才对毗兰若婆罗门说:“婆罗门,我确实是世间的最长者、最胜者。”巴利
Tattha seṭṭhanti sabbe ime pasatthā ayametesaṃ atisayena pasatthoti seṭṭho. Tathā hi so bhagavā ‘‘ahañhi brāhmaṇa jeṭṭho seṭṭho lokassā’’ti (pārā. 11) verañjabrāhmaṇassa attano jeṭṭhaseṭṭhabhāvassa parijānanavinicchayahetubhūtāhi jhānādīhi niratisayaguṇasampattīhi samannāgatattā –
只有你才是正等正觉者,你是无上的导师;
在这个包括诸天在内的世间,没有任何人能和你相比。
您是佛陀,您是导师,您是降伏魔罗的牟尼;
您断除了诸随眠,您已越过,您拯救了这众生。
您已超越诸所依,诸漏已彻底摧破;
你是狮子,已无所执取,恐惧与怖畏都已断除。
大雄啊,拥有大智慧的人,你以神通和名声光耀四方。
超越一切怨仇与怖畏者啊,具眼者啊,我礼敬您的双足。巴利
‘‘Tvameva asi sambuddho, tuvaṃ satthā anuttaro; Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi te paṭipuggalo. (dī. ni. 2.370); Tuvaṃ buddho tuvaṃ satthā, tuvaṃ mārābhibhū muni; Tuvaṃ anusaye chetvā, tiṇṇo tāresimaṃ pajaṃ. Upadhī te samatikkantā, āsavā te padālitā; Sīhosi anupādāno, pahīnabhayabheravo. (ma. ni. 2.400; su. ni. 550-551; theragā. 839-940); Mahāvīra mahāpañña, iddhiyā yasasā jala; Sabbaverabhayātīta, pāde vandāmi cakkhumā’’ti. (saṃ. ni. 1.159; dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.56); –
因为以种种方式被包括诸天在内的世间称赞,所以是最受称赞的,这就是最殊胜、最受称赞的意思。巴利
Ādīhī nānānayehi sadevakena lokena abhitthaviyatāya pasatthatamo, tameva seṭṭhaṃ pasatthatamanti attho.
“无与伦比者”是指:没有能超过他的人,也没有能和他相等的人,所以叫无与伦比。确实如此,因为从功德来说,在无量无边的世间界中,根本没有众生能超过他或与他相等——巴利
Appaṭipuggalanti natthi etassa paṭipuggalo adhiko, sadiso vāti appaṭipuggalo. Tathā hi guṇavasena anantāparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu attanā adhikassa, sadisassa vā puggalassa abhāvato –
我没有老师,也没有谁能和我相比。
在这个有天神的世界里,没有谁和我相当。巴利
‘‘Na me ācariyo atthi, sadiso me na vijjati; Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi me paṭipuggalo’’ti. (mahāva. 11) –
他亲自宣称自己真实不颠倒、无与伦比,因此,那位无与伦比者就是一切世间中最上者,这就是这句话的意思。巴利
Attanāva attano aviparīto appaṭipuggalabhāvo paṭiññāto, tasmā taṃ appaṭipuggalaṃ sabbalokuttamanti attho.
“佛”:因为已经觉悟了无量无边、没有剩余的所知领域,所以称为佛。借此说明:由无数俱胝百千劫所积集的福德与智慧资粮之力所成就、以法身和色身的祥瑞光辉而庄严的正法大转轮王——正自觉者。或者说,以自己圆满修集波罗蜜所成熟、能断尽一切残余烦恼习气的自生智,觉悟了四谛,所以称为佛。正如所说:巴利
Buddhanti anantamaparimeyyaṃ ñeyyamaṇḍalamanavasesaṃ buddhavāti buddho, etena anekakappakoṭisatasahassaṃ sambhatapuññañāṇasambhārānubhāvasiddhidhammarūpakāyasirivilāsapaṭimaṇḍito saddhammavaracakkavattī sammāsambuddho dassito. Atha vā cattāri saccāni sayaṃ vicitopacitapāramitāparipācitena savāsanānavasesakilesappahāyakena sayambhuñāṇena bujjhīti buddho. Yathāha –
应当证知的,我已经证知了;应当修习的,我也已经修习了。
应断除的,我已经断除了;因此,我是觉者,婆罗门。巴利
‘‘Abhiññeyyaṃ abhiññātaṃ, bhāvetabbañca bhāvitaṃ; Pahātabbaṃ pahīnaṃ me, tasmā buddhosmi brāhmaṇā’’ti. (ma. ni. 2.392, 399; su. ni. 563; theragā. 828);
这段的详细解释,应该按照《大义释》等注释书里所说的方式来了知,也就是“因为觉悟了诸谛,所以是觉者;因为令众生觉悟,所以是觉者”等等。
对于教内的人来说,为了理解词义,应当知道:从表示“觉悟”意义的 budha 词根,依照“在 bhāva(状态)和 kamma(行为)等意义中用 ta”这条规则,由此形成 tādi 这类过去分词;再依照“在表示觉悟、行走等意义时,用于施动者”这条迦旃延那文法经,规定在施动者意义中用 ta 后缀,因此应当这样来了知。
至于世间一般人,因为表示“觉悟”意义的那些词根也有“行走”的意义,所以应当知道:依照“行走意义、无宾语等”这条经文,也是在施动者意义中用 ta 后缀来构成。巴利
Vitthāro panassa ‘‘bujjhitā saccānīti buddho, bodhetā pajāyāti buddho’’tiādinā (mahāni. 192; cūḷani. pārāyanatthutigāthāniddesa 97; paṭi. ma. 1.162) niddesādīsu vuttanayena veditabbo. Saddasiddhi sāsanikānaṃ avagamanatthe vattamānā budha-dhātuto ‘‘bhāvakammesu ta’’ iti ito tātivattamāne ‘‘budhagamāditthe kattarī’’ti iminā kaccāyanasuttena kattari tappaccayavidhānato veditabbā. Lokiyānaṃ pana bodhanatthadhātūnampi gamanatthatāya vuttattā gatyatthākammakādi suttato kattari ta-ppaccayakaraṇena veditabbā.
或者,因为诸界有多种含义,当“budha”这个词根用在“觉醒、开敷”这些意思中时,它是无业动词,就像“人已觉醒”“莲花已开敷”等说法里那样。以无明睡眠的离去而睁开智慧之眼,所以是已觉醒者;或者以种种功德而开敷,所以是开敷者。用这种在作者格中成立的“buddha”一词,称那位世尊、世间怙主为“觉者”——他就像三界中独一无二的顶髻宝珠、莲足红色宝石。在这个解释方案中,也应当看到:依据“行义等”经文里无业动词的用法,来规定后缀。巴利
Atha vā dhātūnaṃ anekatthatāya budha-iccayaṃ dhātu jāgaraṇavikasanatthesu vattamāno akammakoti ‘‘pabuddho puriso, pabuddhaṃ paduma’’ntiādīsu viya buddhavā aññāṇaniddāvigamena ñāṇacakkhūni ummīlanto pabuddho, guṇehi vā vikasitoti kattari siddhena buddha-saddena ‘‘buddho’’ti tibhavanekacūḷāmaṇipādapaṅkajarāgaratano bhagavā lokanātho vuccati, imasmiṃ pakkhepi gatyatthādisutte akammakaggahaṇena paccayavidhānaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.
或者,当有业动词的诸界(dhātu)没有业声(kammavacana)的欲求时,因为是无业动词,就像“果实自己成熟”等说法中那样,从表示觉悟意义的 budha 词根,以作者格(kattari)来构词就能成立。又或者,就像依于青色属性的结合,在布等物上有了“青色”的称呼一样,取表示状态(bhāva)的 buddha 一词,依于佛陀功德的结合,而被称为“buddho”(觉者)。如此,以多种方式成立的 buddha 一词所称呼的,就是那位世尊、那位法王,这就是此处的含义。巴利
Atha vā sakammakānaṃ dhātūnaṃ kammavacanicchāya abhāve akammakabhāvato ‘‘phalaṃ sayameva pakka’’ntiādīsu viya bodhanattheyeva budha-dhātuto kattari vidhānaṃ sijjhati. Atha vā nīlaguṇayogena paṭādīsu nīlavohāro viya bhāvasādhanaṃ buddha-saddaṃ gahetvā buddhaguṇayogato ‘‘buddho’’ti voharīyati. Evamanekadhā siddhena buddha-saddena vuccamānaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ taṃ dhammarājanti attho.
“最胜”和“无与伦比者”这两个词,是对“佛陀”这个称呼的修饰语。在这里,通过“佛陀、最胜、无与伦比者”这三个词,依照理路来显示——就像“彼世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者”等经文,以及“在人群中说法最殊胜的释迦牟尼世尊,已作完应作之事”等许多经文所展示的那样——把涵盖远、不远、近的因、缘、果、有情、利益、事、法义、世间救度这三个方面、极其清净的佛陀功德聚,毫无遗漏地显示出来。因为,毫无遗漏地显示佛陀功德的方法,正是这种理路式的显示。否则,如果按照修行次第来讲述,面对无量无边的佛陀功德,谁又能真正穷尽它们呢?正如经文所说:巴利
‘‘Seṭṭhaṃ appaṭipuggala’’nti padadvayaṃ ‘‘buddha’’nti etassa visesanaṃ. Ettha ca ‘‘buddhaṃ, seṭṭhaṃ, appaṭipuggala’’nti imehi tīhi padehi nayato ‘‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’tiādinā (dī. ni. 1.157; 3.6; ma. ni. 1.147, 144; 3.434; saṃ. ni. 1.249; 5.479; a. ni. 5.14, 30; 6.25, 26; netti. 93), ‘‘yo vadataṃ pavaro manujesu, sakyamunī bhagavā katakicco’’tiādīhi (vi. va. 886) ca anekehi suttapadehi dassitadūrāvidūrasantikanidānahetuphalasattopakārāvatthādhammattha- lokuddhārattikattayasaṅgahitaṃ suparisuddhaṃ buddhaguṇasamudayaṃ niravasesaṃ dasseti. Ayameva hi buddhaguṇānaṃ niravasesato dassanūpāyo, yadidaṃ nayadassanaṃ. Itarathā paṭipadavaṇṇanāya aparimitānaṃ buddhaguṇānaṃ ko hi nāma samattho pariyantaṃ gantuṃ. Yathāha –
即使是佛陀,也应当赞叹佛陀的功德;
就算用整整一劫也不说别的
这个劫就算经历漫长久远的时光,也终会耗尽。
如来的色身也不会耗尽。巴利
‘‘Buddhopi buddhassa bhaṇeyya vaṇṇaṃ; Kappampi ce aññamabhāsamāno; Khīyetha kappo ciradīghamantare; Vaṇṇo na khīyetha tathāgatassā’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 3.141; ma. ni. aṭṭha. 2.425; udā. aṭṭha. 53; apa. aṭṭha. 2.7.20; bu. vaṃ. aṭṭha. 4.4; cariyā. aṭṭha. nidānakathā, pakiṇṇakakathā; dī. ni. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; ma. ni. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; saṃ. ni. ṭī. 1.1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; a. ni. ṭī. 1.1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; vajira. ṭī. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; sārattha. ṭī. 1.ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā; netti. ṭī. ganthārambhakathāvaṇṇanā);
应当知道:通过这三句,以无余称颂赞叹一切功德的方式,并且由于“礼敬”一词表达了敬礼,这半偈所显示的,是以佛宝为对象——亦即最应先礼敬的对象——的、以赞叹与敬礼为本质的礼敬。巴利
Evametehi tīhi padehi niravasesaguṇasaṃkittanathutiyā vasena ‘‘vanditvā’’ti iminā paṇāmassa ca vuttattā imāya aḍḍhagāthāya buddharatanasaṅkhātapaṭhamavandanīyavatthuvisayā thutipaṇāmasabhāvā vandanā dassitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
紧接着,为了显示对法宝的敬礼,说“令有非有之法”。这里用“有”这个词说了两种有:业有和生有。其中,业有是因为“由它而有果”,所以称为“有”。而以异熟蕴和业生色为特征的生有,则是依靠与无明、渴爱、取、行等相应的善或不善思所成的业有作为缘,在适当的时候生起,所以称为“有”。这有又按欲有、色有、无色有、想有、无想有、非想非非想有、一蕴有、四蕴有、五蕴有,分为九种。在这九种有当中,十种法通过让执持自身的个人相续在无余涅槃界之后不再结生,而使诸有成为非有,或使有成为非有,所以叫“令有非有”——那就是这些法,意思是:通过根除后后投生相续的因,而成就它不再生起的法性。巴利
Tadanantaraṃ dhammaratanassa paṇāmaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘bhavābhāvakaraṃ dhamma’’nti. Ettha bhava-saddena dve bhavā vuttā kammabhavo, upapattibhavoti. Tattha kammabhavo bhavati etasmā phalanti ‘‘bhavo’’ti vuccati. Vipākakkhandhakaṭattārūpasaṅkhāto pana upapattibhavo avijjātaṇhupādānasaṅkhārādisahakārikāraṇayuttena kusalākusalacetanāsaṅkhātakammabhavapaccayena yathārahaṃ bhavatīti ‘‘bhavo’’ti vuccati. So pana kāmabhavarūpabhavaarūpabhavasaññībhavaasaññībhavanevasaññīnāsaññībhava- ekavokārabhavacatuvokārabhavapañcavokārabhavavasena navavidho. Evametesu navasu bhavesu dasavidhopi dhammo attānaṃ dhārentassa puggalasantānassa anupādisesanibbānadhātuyā paraṃ appaṭisandhikatāsādhanena bhavesu , bhavassa vā abhāvaṃ karotīti bhavābhāvakaro, taṃ, aparāparajātippabandhassa hetusamugghātena appavattidhammatāpādakanti attho.
所谓“法”,就是能护持自己的东西:它让人在四恶趣和轮回中不至于堕落,所以叫“法”。这个法有十种,包括四道、四果和涅槃这九种出世间法,也包括能引导人证得这些法的教法——这教法又叫九分教,分为八万四千法蕴。这十种法又可以分为两类:非异门法和异门法。其中,非异门法指的是:通过断除堕入恶趣和轮回的主要根源,也就是断除上分结和下分结这十种结,而成就的道法;以及以涅槃作为道法完成其断结作用的因缘。这五种法以非异门的方式护持众生的心相续,所以叫“非异门法”。而四沙门果,是通过止息式舍断、随顺道而生起;教法则是证得道和涅槃的根本原因。这五种法就叫“异门法”。巴利
Dhammanti attānaṃ dhārente catūsu apāyesu, saṃsāre ca apatamāne dhāretīti dhammo, so catumaggaphalanibbānasaṅkhātanavalokuttaradhammo ca tappaṭipādako navaṅgasāsanāparanāmadheyyacaturāsītisahassadhammakkhandhappabhedabhinno pariyattidhammo cāti dasavidho. Sopi nippariyāyadhammo, pariyāyadhammo cāti duvidho. Tattha nippariyāyadhammo nāma apāye, saṃsāre vā padhānahetubhūtānaṃ uddhambhāgiyānaṃ, orambhāgiyānañca dasannaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ samucchindanena maggadhammo, tassa taṃkiccanipphattinimittabhāvena nibbānadhammo cāti pañcavidhopi nippariyāyena puggalasantānaṃ dhāretīti katvā ‘‘nippariyāyadhammo’’ti vuccati. Cattāri pana sāmaññaphalāni paṭippassaddhipahānena maggānuguṇappavattiyā, pariyatti ca magganibbānādhigamassa mūlakāraṇabhāvatoti pañcavidhopi pariyāyadhammo nāma.
到这里为止,通过“世尊善说法”等经文,以及“离贪、无垢、无忧”等经文所宣说的、又在那些注疏等中被赞叹的、无余的法宝功德——它即使以随念皈依处的方式也是获得天界与解脱之成就之因——已依理趣被标示指出;又因为通过“礼敬”这个词显示了敬礼。因此应当知道,这里已经显示了对名为法宝的第二应礼敬处——兼具赞叹与敬礼性质的礼敬。巴利
Ettāvatā ‘‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 1.249; a. ni. 3.76; dī. ni. 3.6; a. ni. 6.10, 25, 26), ‘‘rāgavirāgamanejamasoka’’ntiādīhi (vi. va. 887) ca suttantehi vuttassa, tadaṭṭhakathādīsu ca vaṇṇitassa saraṇānussaraṇavasenāpi saggamokkhasampattipaṭilābhakāraṇassa anavasesassa dhammaratanaguṇassa nayato uddiṭṭhattā ca ‘‘vanditvā’’ti iminā paṇāmassa dassitattā ca dhammaratanasaṅkhātassa dutiyassa vandanīyassa thutipaṇāmasabhāvā vandanā dassitāti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
紧接着,为了表示对僧宝的礼敬,说了“以及无垢之众”这句话。这里,“贪是垢,嗔是垢,痴是垢”所说的贪等垢,通过彼分断、镇伏断、正断断、寂静断、出离断、解脱而脱离、解脱,所以叫无垢,那个就是无垢。在圣种中,以戒、定、慧、解脱、解脱智见这些功德众来计数,所以叫众,那个就是众。巴利
Tadanantaraṃ saṅgharatanassa vandanāsandassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ ‘‘gaṇañceva niraṅgaṇa’’nti. Ettha ‘‘rāgo aṅgaṇaṃ doso aṅgaṇaṃ moho aṅgaṇa’’nti (vibha. 924) vuttehi rāgādiaṅgaṇehi tadaṅgavikkhambhanasamucchedapaṭippassaddhinissaraṇavimuttivasena niggato vimuttoti niraṅgaṇo, taṃ niraṅgaṇaṃ. Ariyavaṃse sīlasamādhipaññāvimuttivimuttiñāṇadassanasaṅkhātehi guṇagaṇehi gaṇīyatīti gaṇo, taṃ.
到这里为止,通过“世尊的声闻僧团是善行道者”等经文,以及“在四双清净士夫之处,人们说布施有大果报”等经文,那些在各种经典段落中所说的、又在相应的注疏等中被详细解释的僧宝功德——无垢、无比、圆满、广大、贤善等戒律等等,种种无价僧宝功德——以称扬摄集为性的赞叹,并且通过“礼敬”这个词已经说明了如前所述形相分类的敬礼,因此应当知道:这里已经展示了以僧宝为所缘的第三种应礼敬之处的赞叹和敬礼。以头,是指带着自己净信与恭敬的头顶。礼敬,是指敬礼或赞叹。巴利
Ettāvatā ‘‘suppaṭipanno bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 1.249; a. ni. 3.76; dī. ni. 3.6; a. ni. 6.10, 25, 26;), ‘‘yattha ca dinnaṃ mahapphalamāhu, catūsu sucīsu purisayugesū’’tiādīhi (vi. va. 888) ca tehi tehi suttapadehi vuttānaṃ, tadaṭṭhakathādīsu ca vaṇṇitānaṃ vimalātulanikhilavisālapesalasīlādinānappakārānagghasaṅgharatanaguṇānaṃ saṃkittanasabhāvāya thutiyā ca ‘‘vanditvā’’ti etena yathāvuttasarūpapabhedapaṇāmassa vuttattā ca saṅgharatanasaṅkhātatatiyavandanīyavatthuvisayā thutippaṇāmasaṅkhātā vandanā dassitāti veditabbā. Sirasāti attappasādagāravāvahantena muddhanā. Vanditvāti paṇamitvā thomitvā vā.
这样,先用第一首偈颂展示了以可敬的三宝为对象的赞叹和敬礼,也就是所谓的礼敬。接着,在紧接着要说明目的等的偈颂里,用“比丘们”这个词——虽然在轮回中看见怖畏所以叫“比丘”,这是和善凡夫一起说的八种圣者;但在圣典中,则通过“持破布所以叫比丘”“以乞食为习惯所以叫比丘”等,对比丘这个词的含义作了词源解释,然后为了说明这里指的只是有资格以巴帝摩卡防护来防护的人,就说“由和合僧团以白四羯磨、不可破坏、堪住之羯磨而受具足戒者,这才是这里所说的比丘”。这里指的是想修学、安住在教法中的善男子们,也就是那些比丘们。而“比丘尼们”则是指以八语受具足戒羯磨在二部僧中受具足戒等同样情况的善女子们,也以总相包括了只在一部受具足戒的人。所谓只在一部受具足戒,是指在比丘尼僧中受具足戒后,直到还没在比丘僧中受具足戒之间的阶段;以及比丘尼因性别转变而获得比丘尼身份者,也就是那些比丘尼们。巴利
Evaṃ paṭhamagāthāya vandanīyassa ratanattayassa thutippaṇāmasaṅkhātaṃ vandanaṃ dassetvā tadanantarāya sandassetabbapayojanādipaṭipādikāya gāthāya ‘‘bhikkhūna’’nti iminā kiñcāpi saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhatīti ‘‘bhikkhū’’ti kalyāṇaputhujjanena saddhiṃ aṭṭha ariyapuggalā vuccanti, pāḷiyaṃ (pārā. 44-45; vibha. 510) pana ‘‘bhinnapaṭaṃ dhāretīti bhikkhu, bhikkhanasīloti bhikkhū’’tiādinā bhikkhusaddassa atthuddhāravasena nibbacanantarāni dassetvā pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvaraṇārahasseva adhippetabhāvaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘samaggena saṅghena ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena ṭhānārahena upasampanno, ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippeto bhikkhū’’ti dassitā sikkhākāmā sāsanāvacārā kulaputtā idhādhippetā, tesaṃ bhikkhūnañca. Bhikkhunīnañcāti aṭṭhavācikaupasampadākammena ubhatosaṅghe upasampannātādisāyeva kuladhītaro dassitā. Ekatopasampannāpi sāmaññena gayhanti. Ekatopasampannāti ca bhikkhunisaṅghe upasampajjitvā yāva bhikkhusaṅghe na upasampajjanti, tāva, bhikkhunī ca liṅgaparivattanena bhikkhunibhāvappattā adhippetā, tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnañca.
“为利益”的意思是:为了促成一切圆满。所谓“利”,就是向前推进、趋向,也就是在实现所期望的果上运作,所以“利”被称为无病等的原因,像不死药之类。这里则是指:作为天界与解脱等圆满成就之因的巴帝摩卡防护戒的守护,就是为了这个目的。巴利
Hitatthāyāti sabbasampattinipphādakaraṇatthāya hinoti gacchati yathādhippetaphalasādhane pavattatīti hitanti arogatādikāraṇaṃ amatosadhādi vuccati. Idha pana saggamokkhasampattisiddhikāraṇaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasīlarakkhanaṃ vuccati, tadatthāya.
心已安定、正确安置、持续运转,抉择之道通过这一点得以进行,所以被称为“已善置者”,这是显示造论者。另一种说法是:心正确地安住于律的抉择中、被持续运转,本应说“心已善置”,但省略了后一个词,只说“已善置”。对于能够运转于极深奥、极难超越的律藏义理抉择的人,通过这个特征,显示了他自身心已善置运转的相状、作为自身智慧近因的定。意思是:依靠那个定而成为已善置者。巴利
Samāhito sammā āhito pavattito vinicchayamaggo etenāti ‘‘samāhito’’ti pakaraṇakārako dassito. Atha vā sammā āhitaṃ vinayavinicchaye ṭhapitaṃ pavattitaṃ cittametassāti ‘‘samāhitacitto’’ti vattabbe uttarapadalopena ‘‘samāhito’’ti vutto. Paramagambhīrasuduttaravinayapiṭakatthavinicchaye pavattanārahassa iminā visesanena attani samāhitacittappavattinimittabhūto attano ñāṇassa padaṭṭhānabhūto samādhi dassito tena samādhinā samāhito hutvāti attho.
我将宣说:意思是我要以某种方式来说。以那种方式宣说律藏义理抉择时,现在的实践者念力、智慧和精进都很弱,却能轻松地学习并受持那极为深奥的律藏义理抉择,所以我要以这样的特殊方式来说。这就是这段话的意思。以略说:略说就是总合、简缩,也就是简略。以这种方式,为那些喜欢简略的人、一听就能明白的人、已经做过准备的人、智慧超胜的人,以及害怕繁广的人、在领受和受持上迟钝的人、智慧迟钝的人,用有益而不至于太广的次第来说。这就是这段话的意思。律的:就是律藏的。因为那……巴利
Pavakkhāmīti pakārena vakkhāmi, yena pakārena vinayavinicchaye vutte ajjatanā mandasatimativīriyā paṭipajjanakā gambhīrataraṃ vinayapiṭakatthavinicchayaṃ sukhena uggaṇhituṃ, dhāretuñca sakkonti, tādisena pakāravisesena vakkhāmīti attho. Samāsenāti samasanaṃ saṃkhipanaṃ samāso, tena, saṃkhittarucikānamugghāṭitaññūnaṃ katādhikārānaṃ ñāṇuttarānaṃ puggalānañca papañcabhīrukānaṃ gahaṇadhāraṇe mandayantānaṃ mandabuddhīnañca upakārakena nātivitthārakkamenāti attho. Vinayassāti vinayapiṭakassa. Tañhi –
具有种种不同的区分方式。
通过调伏身和语,
此即通晓律义之人。
律被称为“律”。巴利
‘‘Vividhavisesanayattā; Vinayanato ceva kāyavācānaṃ; Vinayatthavidūhi ayaṃ; Vinayo ‘vinayo’ti akkhāto’’ti. (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamasaṅgītikathā; pārā. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā; dha. sa. aṭṭha. nidānakathā) –
通过所说的各种义理差别,它被称为“律”。对于这样显示了自身性质的律,结集者大迦叶等人曾赞叹它的功德说“律是教法的寿命”,这就是最上的律藏。所谓“抉择”,是以特别的方式,或以种种方式,通过去除违犯来积聚、分别,因此得名“抉择”,也就是分别的意思。名为《律抉择》的论书,说的就是这个。“律之抉择”这个说法,是不省略复合词的组合,就像“天爱帝须”“颈黑”等词一样。巴利
Vuttehi atthavisesehi ‘‘vinayo’’ti vuccati. Tassa evaṃ sandassitasabhāvassa ‘‘vinayo nāma sāsanassa āyū’’ti (dī. ni. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamasaṅgītikathā; pārā. aṭṭha. 1.paṭhamasaṅgītikathā; khu. pā. aṭṭha. 5.paṭhamamahāsaṅgītikathā) saṅgītikārakehi mahākassapādīhi abhitthutaguṇassa vinayapiṭakuttamassa. Vinicchayanti visesena, vividhena vā ākārena vippaṭipattinīharaṇavasena cīyati vibhajīyatīti ‘‘vinicchayo’’ti laddhanāmaṃ vibhajanaṃ, vinayavinicchayaṃ nāma pakaraṇanti vuttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Vinayassavinicchaya’’nti ca aluttasamāsoyaṃ ‘‘devānaṃpiyatisso, kaṇṭhekāḷo’’tiādīsu viya.
像这样,在第二首偈颂里说明了作者、动机、名称、所诠内容和论书体裁的一部分之后,为了也通过显示恭敬听闻的缘由这一方式,来显示论书的体裁等,所以说了“不杂乱”等话。其中,“不杂乱”是指:在这里,无论从文句上、从义理上,还是从抉择上,都没有杂乱,没有前后矛盾,也没有混杂,所以叫不杂乱。律的抉择——你们要听我说这个——这就是前后文的连接。“不混杂”是指:不与其他部派所持的见解混在一起。巴利
Evaṃ dutiyagāthāya kattunimittapayojanābhidhānābhidheyyapakaraṇappakārekadesaṃ dassetvā sakkaccasavanakāraṇanidassanamukhenāpi pakaraṇappakārādiṃ dassetumāha ‘‘anākula’’miccādi. Tattha anākulanti natthi ettha saddato, atthato, vinicchayato vā ākulaṃ pubbāparavirodho, missatā vāti anākulo, vinayavinicchayo, taṃ vadato me nibodhathāti sambandho. Asaṃkiṇṇanti nikāyantaraladdhīhi asammissaṃ.
“甘美义句行”是指句子的次序,也就是句子的进行、句子的走向,意思是音声的发出。谁的意义甘美、句子的进行也甘美,他就是“甘美义句行”,也就是那位——巴利
Madhuratthapadakkamanti padānaṃ kamo padakkamo, padagati, saddānamuccāraṇanti attho. Madhuro attho ca padakkamo ca yassa so madhuratthapadakkamo, taṃ –
句的依附、句的住处,甘美之义已宣说;
智者为此沉醉,就像蜜蜂沉醉于蜜一样。巴利
‘‘Padāsattaṃ padatthānaṃ, madhuratthamudīritaṃ; Yena majjanti dhīmanto, madhuneva madhubbatā’’ti. –
以这个特征,并且从声音和意义两方面来看,由于它具备了名为“词与词之间的连接”这种甘美庄严,所以是甘美义句的次第。巴利
Iminā lakkhaṇena saddānamatthānañca vasena padāsattāparanāmadheyyamādhuriyālaṅkārena samalaṅkatattā madhuratthapadakkamaṃ.
能令明了者:所谓“巴杜”,是行、去、了知的意思,所以叫巴杜,也就是有慧的人;巴杜的状态,就是以声音的生起为表征的慧。能令那种明了状态——也就是慧的殊胜——产生出来,所以叫“能令明了者”,意思是“能令殊胜的慧生起”。这是与“律的抉择”相连接的。“最上”,就是最优胜。“于律的次第”,是指在律藏中,以及在其义理中,在进行的次第上能令明了,这就是它的意思。巴利
Paṭubhāvakaranti paṭati gacchati pajānātīti paṭu, paññavā, paṭuno bhāvo, saddappavattinimittabhūtā paññā, taṃ paṭubhāvaṃ paññāvisesaṃ karoti janetīti paṭubhāvakaro, taṃ, paññāvisesajanakanti attho. Etaṃ vinayassa vinicchayanti yojanā. Paramanti uttamaṃ. Vinayakkameti vinayapiṭake, tadatthe ca, pavattikkame paṭubhāvakaranti attho.
就这样,先用第三首偈颂,借指出这部论书的功德来鼓励听众;现在又用第四首偈颂“无彼岸”等语,把这部论书以及它所依据的律藏,以船与大海的比喻展示出来,再通过所喻、能喻隐没不现等不同比喻形式,以譬喻的庄严来说明这部论书的功德,从而进一步激励听众。这里说“无彼岸”,意思是它没有彼岸,所以叫“无彼岸”,指的就是律藏这片大海。因为过去诸佛出世时,人们对教法生起净信,而对那些没有以受持、忆持、教导、实践律藏的方式尽其职责的人而言,法、义、词、辩的极限难以通达,所以称为“无彼岸”。巴利
Evaṃ tatiyagāthāya pakaraṇaguṇāpadesena sotujanaṃ samussāhetvā idāni ‘‘apāra’’ntiādicatutthagāthāya pakaraṇañca tannissayaṃ vinayapiṭakañca nāvāsāgarabhāvena dassetvā tirobhūtopameyyopamānabhedena rūpakālaṅkārena pakaraṇaguṇaṃ pakāsento sotujanaṃ samuttejeti. Tattha apāranti natthi pāraṃ etassāti apāro, vinayasāgaro. So hi purimabuddhuppādesu sāsanaṃ pasīditvā vinayapiṭake uggahaṇadhāraṇapaṭipādanapaṭipattivasena akatādhikārehi puggalehi duradhigamanīyadhammatthaniruttipaṭibhānapariyantatāya ‘‘apāro’’ti vuccati.
“入者”是指通过诵习、听闻、受持等方式深入的人。“精要”是指:由于能导向涅槃而成为精要,是圣道的资粮,是前行实践的根本,也就是以巴帝摩卡防护为根本的戒,因为它显示了这个精要,所以称为精要。“律之海”是指称为律藏的大海。律确实因为学处的制定,连了知时节这一点,即使法将等人也无法触及,因其极其深广,犹如大海,所以是海;律就是这海,所以叫律之海。意思是:由于具有无底、无彼岸的功德,所以譬喻为大海的律藏。巴利
Otarantānanti sajjhāyanasavanadhāraṇādivasena ajjhogāhantānaṃ. Sāranti nibbānasampāpakabhāvena sārabhūtāya ariyamaggasambhārāya pubbabhāgapaṭipattiyā mūlabhūtapātimokkhasaṃvarasaṅkhātasīlasārappakāsakatāya sāraṃ. Vinayasāgaranti vinayapiṭakasaṅkhātaṃ sāgaraṃ. Vinayo hi sikkhāpadapaññattiyā kālappattajānanassāpi dhammasenāpatiādīnampi avisayattā atigambhīrātivitthiṇṇabhāvena sāgaro viyāti sāgaro, vinayo ca so sāgaro cāti vinayasāgaro, taṃ, agādhāpāraguṇayogato sāgaropamaṃ vinayapiṭakanti attho.
第二首偈虽然已经说了“诸比丘、诸比丘尼”,但因为和“为利益”这句话相连,而且中间被别的句子隔开、距离太远,所以没有直接采用它;在这里为了显示能深入律海并实践此义者的殊胜,才再次说“诸比丘、诸比丘尼”,应当这样理解。非船而似船者,即“如船”;它指的是像安住于船位的大船那样。可意:心在这里感到喜乐,或者因为这一点而称为可意;意思是说,对于专心诵习、以言说传授为务,以及以实践为归宿的善人们来说,是可意的。巴利
Dutiyagāthāya ‘‘bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīna’’nti vatvāpi ‘‘hitatthāyā’’ti iminā sambandhattā ca vākyantarehi antaritabhāvena dūrattā ca taṃ anādiyitvā ettha vinayasāgarajjhogāhanatadatthapaṭipajjanārahakattuvisesasandassanatthāya ‘‘bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīna’’nti puna vuttanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Nāvā viya bhūto nāvābhūto, taṃ, nāvāṭṭhāniyaṃ mahānāvāsadisanti attho. Manoramanti mano ramati ettha, etenāti vā manoramo, taṃ, ajjhāyanavohārapasutānaṃ paṭipattiparāyanānañca sādhūnaṃ manoramanti attho.
说到这里,已经通过赞叹这部论书的功德,把听众的心激励起来了;现在为了让他们专心恭敬地听闻,就说了“因此,律的方便”等话。其中,“因此”的意思是:因为正如前面所说,这部论书具备不杂乱等种种无价功德庄严的装饰,就是由于这个原因。“律的方便”是指:以种种方式,或者从简择引导的角度来说,引导和调伏身与语,也就是让人从不该做的事上退回来,安立在应当做的事上,这就是调伏;靠近并依循这个调伏,未来就能产生它的果,所以叫方便,也就是因;调伏的方便就是“律的方便”。这句话的意思是:对于不顾惜身体和性命、一心想要修学、性情柔和的比丘和比丘尼们来说,它是去除身语上不顺从和躁动挣扎这种调伏的根本原因。巴利
Ettāvatā pakaraṇaguṇasaṃkittanena sotujanaṃ samuttejetvā idāni sakkaccasavane niyojento ‘‘tasmā vinayanūpāya’’ntiādimāha. Tattha tasmāti yasmā yathāvuttaṃ anākulatādivividhānagghaguṇālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ, tena hetunāti attho. Vinayanūpāyanti vividhākārena, visesanayato vā kāyavācānaṃ nayanaṃ damanaṃ akattabbato nivattetvā kattabbesu niyojanaṃ vinayanaṃ, upecca taṃ phalaṃ āyati uppajjatīti upāyo, hetu, vinayanassa upāyo vinayanūpāyo, taṃ, kāyajīvitānapekkhānaṃ sikkhākāmānaṃ pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ kāyavācānaṃ ananulomikavipphanditāpanayanasaṅkhātadamanassa kāraṇabhūtanti vuttaṃ hoti.
说到这里,为了说明智者之所以能着手撰写自己想要写的论书,是因为具备不杂乱等功德,所以先说了“不杂乱”等修饰语;现在为了指出在恭敬听闻和理解时应当特别说明的对象,于是说“律的抉择”。另外,第二首偈颂里的“律的抉择”,本来是作为“我将说”这个动词的宾语而说的,如果把它拿到这里来连接,就会变成隔得太远的关联;所以不把它拿过来,而是为了显示它是“请听”这个动词的宾语,才说“律的抉择”。因此应当知道,这里并没有重复的过失。巴利
Ettāvatā attanā kattumicchite pakaraṇe paṇḍitānaṃ pavattihetubhūtānaṃ anākulatādiguṇānaṃ vibhāvanavasena ‘‘anākula’’ntiādivisesanāni vatvā idāni sakkaccasavanāvabodhe visayaṃ visesitabbaṃ dassetumāha ‘‘vinayassavinicchaya’’nti. Ettha ca dutiyagāthāya ‘‘vinayassavinicchaya’’nti ‘‘pavakkhāmī’’ti kiriyāya kammadassanavasena vuttaṃ, taṃ idha ānetvā sambandhiyamānampi dūrasambandhaṃ hotīti tamanānetvā ‘‘nibodhathā’’ti imissā kiriyāya kammasandassanatthaṃ ‘‘vinayassavinicchaya’’nti vuttattā punaruttidosābhāvoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
以不散乱的心:在这里,心投向种种所缘、被抛掷出去,就是散乱;被掉举、疑等缠住、不得定的心,就是散乱心;不散乱,就是散乱的反面,是得定的善心。以这样的心,意思是以不陷入散乱的心——也就是除了听闻这部最上论书等事务之外,不会因为心在各种所缘之间游转而陷入散乱——也就是得定的心。而说“以不散乱……当听”的人,根据“这个法是属于不散乱者的法,这个法不是属于散乱者的法”这一说法,因为散乱者在诸法中没有继承权,所以就已经作出了这样的教导:应当正确实践属于自己这部论书内容的增上戒学。巴利
Avikkhittena cittenāti ettha vividhe ārammaṇe khittaṃ pesitaṃ vikkhittaṃ, uddhaccavicikicchādiparetaṃ asamāhitaṃ cittaṃ, na vikkhittaṃ avikkhittaṃ, tappaṭipakkhaṃ samāhitaṃ kusalacittaṃ, tena, etassa pakaraṇuttamassa savanādibyāpāraṃ vinā nānārammaṇesu pavattivasena vikkhepamanāpannena samāhitena cittenāti attho. ‘‘Avikkhittena…pe… nibodhathā’’ti vadantena ca ‘‘avikkhittassāyaṃ dhammo, nāyaṃ dhammo vikkhittassā’’ti vacanato vikkhittassa dhammesu dāyādābhāvato attano pakaraṇatthabhūtāya adhisīlasikkhāya sammāpaṭipajjanāpadeso kato hoti.
“对说者”这里,要补上“以恭敬”这个读法。它的意思是:当我在说的时候,以恭敬,也以如前所说的理由;因为主格和处格在这里没有区别,由“我”这个主格词可以得出“于我”的意思,所以这样说。又因为这部论书具有不杂乱等功德,所以意思是:对正在说法的我,以恭敬,以专注的心。“当听”的意思是:针对句义和词义,以所说之义、一切义等方式彻底了知;恭敬地听闻之后,了知律的抉择,通达、明白其义。意思是:生起以这部论书为对象的闻所成智——它是思所成智和修所成智的根本。巴利
Vadatometi ettha ‘‘gāravena cā’’ti pāṭhaseso. Tatthāyamattho – bhāsamāne mayi gāravena, yathāvuttena kāraṇena cāti sāmibhummānamavisesatāya ‘‘me’’ti sāmivacanassa ‘‘mayī’’ti atthasambhavato ayamattho vutto. Pakaraṇassa anākulatādiguṇasamannāgatattā ca vattari mayi gāravena ca samāhitena cetasāti adhippāyo. Nibodhathāti vākyatthapadatthaṃ sandhāyabhāsitatthabhāvatthādivasena nisesato bodhatha, sakkaccaṃ sutvā vinayavinicchayaṃ bujjhatha vijānāthāti attho, cintābhāvanāmayañāṇānaṃ mūlabhūtapakaraṇavisayaṃ sutamayañāṇaṃ nipphādethāti adhippāyo.